Scientific advances often bring many societal benefits, yet concerns have arisen over, in particular, the problems that may arise as a result of new developments in genetic science. Issues surrounding the ethics of embryo treatment, inequalities in access to genetic modification techniques across borders and socioeconomic lines, and discrimination against those deemed to have less-than optimal traits may arise. Some analysts have even raised concenrs about a genetic arms race, in which countries would fight to engineer the strongest, smartest, most innovative, etc. populations. Other experts have expressed concern that, like many sciencific processes, genetic modification techniques are vulnerable to abuse by malicious world leaders.